Deductive Arguments and Reasoning Knowledge and truth are big factors in philosophy, especially when it comes to deductive arguments and reasoning. A deductive argument can be defined as, “the presentation of statements that are assumed or known to be true as premises for a conclusion that necessarily follow from those statements” (Techtarget). When it comes to deductive arguments, they must be sound and valid. Validity of an argument depends on how the premises are related to the conclusion. They have to complement each other to the point where if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. “Logic can help us determine whether an argument is valid, but logic alone cannot establish whether an argument is sound.” (Ultimate Questions CH3, 42). In order for an argument to be sound, it must first be valid, and secondly we must know it to be true. This theory of knowledge is referred to as epistemology. There are four main, well-known valid argument forms which can be c...